1. Suppose a worker can survive by daily consumption of $40 value of commodities as determined by the socially necessary labor time of 4 hours. If a capitalist hires this worker to work for him 8 hours a day, how much will the capitalist be paying him within the Marxian framework? a) $20. b) $40. c) $160. d) Not enough information is available to calculate the paid wages.
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- For the following alternatives, argue whether it is true, false or uncertain, according to the following statement:"If the marginal productivity value (MVP) of the last worker hired is $10 and the wage is $12, then the firm":(a) Will have an economic utility.b) Needs to decrease the wagec) It needs to expand productiond) It needs to decrease the number of workers hired.Question Four a) TA worker chooses to work X hours per week, at a wage of $9 per hour. An overtime rate of $12 per hour is then offered, for hours in excess of 40; in this situation, the worker chooses to work Y hours per week. Finally, the $12 wage is offered for all hours worked, and the worker chooses to work Z hours per week. What can be said about the relationship between X, Y and Z (for example, is Y greater than Z)? Explain your answer in terms of income and substitution effects. b) College education is heavily subsidized by the governments. give an economic arguments for or against these subsidies.Question 1 A firm wishes to produce to Q units of output using two inputs - ₁ and ₂. The prices of the inputs are w₁ and w₂ respectively. Assuming the firm wants to keep its current production target, show the effect on the firm's optimal input choice in a diagram if the price of factor x₁ increases. In a separate diagram, derive the conditional factor demand for input x₁, i.e., the relationship between price of x₁ and quantity demanded for ₁.
- Marginalist theory of value advanced the view that a commodity's value Multiple Choice is whatever each consumer perceives it to be in a given context is a derivative of its labor costs must be determined by a central authority to prevent gouging and other exploitation is best determined by regulators who can calculate the marginal utility of the commodityAa1) For a non-participant in the labour market, an increase in non-labour income: a) will have an unknown effect because the income and substitution effects oppose one another b) will increase the reservation wage and leave the individual as a non-participant c) will have a large leisure inducing substitution effect d) will reduce hours worked because it is a pure income effect e) will reduce the reservation wage and (depending how big the reduction is) may coax the individual into the labour marketEmma is employed at a contract where he can vary his labour supply between 0 and 40 hours per week. She derives utility from consumption, c, and leisure, L. Her preferences are represented by the following utility function: U(c,L) = min(c, L). The unit price of consumption is p, and the hourly wage rate is w. (a) Derive an expression for Emma's labour supply. (b) The government contemplates introducing a consumption boosting policy including a monthly transfer of money for which Emma is eligible. At what size of the transfer will Emma decide to not work? Assume that the unit price of consumption is 30 and the hourly wage rate is 50
- Using the model developed in The Economy Unit 3, Section 3.7, consider an individual who is facing a wage (w) of $20 per hour. Assume that their spending on goods and services cannot exceed their earnings per day. Maximum consumption (c) per day is: c = w(24 – t) where t = hours of free time per day. a) Initially when facing w = $20 per hour the individual chooses to work 10 hours per day and have 14 hours of free time per day. In a fully labelled diagram show the individual’s optimal combination of free time and consumption. (Fully labelled means that you must label both axes, correctly determine the vertical axis and horizontal axis intercepts, label the slope of the budget constraint and show the optimal amount of free time and consumption associated with it.) b) Assume that the wage increases to $30 per hour. Show the new utility maximizing combination of free time and consumption in your diagram from a). c) On your diagram decompose the overall change in hours of free time in…We can produce widgets with two inputs – labour and capital. The two inputs are perfect substitutes. Current technology methods allow one machine to do the work of three labourers. The widget factory wishes to produce one hundred units of output. The price of capital is $750 per machine per week. What combination of inputs will the firm use if the weekly salary of each worker is $300? What combination of inputs will the firm use if the weekly salary of each worker is $225? Draw isocost line to help structure your thinkingThe labor supply curve is the relationship between the wage level and the quantity of labor that workers are willing to provide. Why is applying the usual ceteris paribus assumption more complicated in this case than when weapply it to the product market?
- a) A firm has employed its workers X and Y optimally such that the marginal product of X is 10 bags while that of Y is 15 bags of wheat. If Y’s wage is K750, what is X’s wage? Company B has employed 20 workers whose average product is 1000 Kgs of maize. The wage given to each worker is K2000 while the price of each bag is K20. An additional worker produces 2000 but demands a wage of K3000. Should the additional worker be employed? Firm A sells its product at K20 while its variable costs is K15 per unit. It can earn K3 per unity accounting profit in its next best alternative. How much should it produce to earn a zero economic profit? d) What will be the economic profit if firm A above produces and sells 4000 units of its product.Suppose that the production of a certain product only requires one input, labor, and that the additional production diminishes by half after the last input. On the other hand, the demand of the good can be described using the equation Q = 10000 – P/10. The total product of the second unit of labor is 3,000 unite. Finally, each additional worker requires P1,000,000. Given the following information, answer the following questions: What is the marginal revenue product of the third unit of labor? Answer: 500 How would you characterize the marginal revenue product of labor? How would you characterize the labor market that this firm faces?Supply: Thinking Like a Seller - End of Chapter Problem Jerome is working as an IT consultant. His individual labor supply curve is given in the accompanying graph. Jerome decides to enroll in college and will begin taking classes next semester. Make the appropriate change to the graph to show the most likely effect on Jerome's labor supply curve of his decision to attend college. If Jerome's decision to attend college results in a change in supply, shift the supply curve appropriately, but leave the wage line unchanged. If Jerome's decision to attend college results in a change in quantity supplied, adjust the wage line appropriately, but leave the supply curve unchanged. Wage Jerome's individual labor supply curve Wage Quantity Supply