Consider the synthesis of lauric acid (12:0) in a coconut tree, a C3 plant. This will require you to thinkabout the carbon fixation pathway and fatty acid synthesis.How many molecules of acetyl CoA are required for the synthesis of lauric acid?Since the acetyl CoA is produced from glucose, how many molecules of CO2 must be fixed to make this acetylCOA (think about how many glucose are needed to make the acetyl CoA)?How many NADPH and ATP are required to make the necessary glucose?How many photons are required by each photosystem to produce the NADPH?How many protons are pumped in conjunction with NADPH production?If the coconut tree has an ATP synthase with 14 c subunits, how many protons are required to produce thenecessary ATP?Use the answers to the above two questions to determine the number of protons that must come from cyclicelectron flow. How many additional photons are required by photosystem I to produce the needed protons?

Coconut trees are mini lauric acid factories• 6 two-carbon building blocks (acetyl-CoA) are…

Answered: Consider the synthesis of lauric acid…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy...

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In step 2 of the fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-S-synthase condenses the acetyl group (C2) with a malonyl-ACP (C3) and subsequent decarboxylation to acetoacetyl-ACP (C4). Give the molecule [A] after condensation and before decarboxylation in the reaction below. synthase (A] ACP + CO2 + HS synthase ACP HO S.
Fill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid that is one of the components of vanilla, and whose formula is CH3(CH2)4COOH: First, the fatty acid is activated by attaching CoA, which costs ATP molecules. The fatty acid is then broken down through a beta-oxidation spiral, to make acetyl CoA molecules. This will require "turns" of the beta-oxidation process. Since each turn of the cycle yields ATP molecules, and each acetyl COA will yield ATP molecules by going through the rest of its metabolism, the net ATP molecules produced from one molecule of this fatty acid will be
For saturated fatty acids, these reactions can continue as you have drawn until all the carbons of the fatty acid have been oxidized to acetyl-CoA. What is problematic about an unsaturated fatty acid, such as C16:cis-9?
Show the structure of each intermediate in the conversion of b-hydroxybutyryl-ACP to butyryl-ACP by the fatty acid synthetase complex. Show where cofactors participate. In your first intermediate, circle the carbon atoms derived from malonyl-CoA.
Refer to the figure below: -Adenosine COAS The thiolate anion of CoA acts as a/an nucleophile attacking the carbonyl carbon of the enzyme bound intermediate, displacing AMP and forming a fatty acyl CoA. Which of the following glycolytic intermediates could be regarded as a high-energy molecule? Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate Fructose 6-phosphate 3-Phosphoglycerate
Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]
Fatty acid synthesis requires the activation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA. However, its condensation with a fatty acyl ACP results in the addition of only its two carbons. What is the thermodynamic advantage of the activation reaction? . The condensing enzyme requires a 3-carbon compound as substrate. Cleavage of CO2 from malonyl CoA provides the energy to allow for condensation to occur. It is the activate form of the two carbon acetyl CoA necessary for condensation. It makes malonyl CoA unstable. The reaction is a reversal of the 2-oxidation which is a spontaneous process.
Mitochondria were isolated from a rat heart. Figure 4 shows the relationship between palmitoyl carnithine I activity (determined by [H] palmitoyl carnithine production) and the concentration of malonyl CoA. Using this result explain the effect of malonyl CoA on fatty acid breakdown. 10 10 15 2.0 2.5 Malonyl CoA (uM) Figure 4 ['H]palmitoyl carnitine production (nmol/min/mg protein)
Compare between the Kreb cycle and fatty acid synthesis pathways in term of: 1. The type of metabolic pathway (catabolic or anabolic). 2. The reducing or oxidizing coenzymes needed for these pathways 3. Location of these pathways inside the cell. 4. Fate of acetyl CoA in both pathways
Part A Identify each of the following metabolic pathways. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reset Help the conversion of fatty acids to 2-carbon units of acetyl CoA ketogenesis the conversion of an amino acid to an a-keto transamination acid the combination of 2-carbon units of acetyl COA to form fatty acids oxidative deamination the removal of an amino group as NH4+ from B oxidation glutamate to yield a-ketoglutarate lipogenesis the production of ketone bodies
In order to provide the acetyl-CoA molecules to produce 3 equivalents of palmitic acid, how many glucose molecules would be required?
Water production from fatty acid oxidation is a survival mechanism in animals where water is scarce. Cells oxidize palmitoyl-CoA to produce water. If an animal has 5.000 kg of palmitoyl-CoA available for fatty acid oxidation, how many kilograms of water could the animal produce from that palmitoyl-CoA? The chemical formula for palmitoyl-CoA is C37H66N7O17P3S.

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