Nash Equilibrium and Weakly Dominated Actions Give an example of a two-player strategic game in which each player has finitely many actions and in the only Nash equilibrium both players' actions are weakly dominated. (Hint: you might need to go beyond 2-by-2 games.) -
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- Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.Consider this as a simultaneous-move (static) game: Player A Top Bottom Player B Left Right ETEL UU 1.b) Does any player have a dominant strategy in this game? Explain. 1.a) Write down the Best Response Correspondence for each of the two players. Molimonsbestich Quinit 1.c) Find all Nash Equilibria in pure strategies of this game. 1.d) Is there any Nash Equilibria in mixed strategies? If so, find it. ElektConsider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?
- Consider the extensive form game portrayed below. The top number at aterminal node is player 1’s payoff, the middle number is player 2’s payoff,and the bottom number is player 3’s payoff.a. Derive the strategy set for each player. (Note: If you do not want to listall of the strategies, you can provide a general description of a player’sstrategy, give an example, and state how many strategies are in thestrategy set.)b. Derive all subgame perfect Nash equilibria. c. Derive a Nash equilibrium that is not a SPNE, and explain why it isnot a SPNE.1) Put together an example of a 2x2 game (two players with each having two options) that has NO pure-strategyNash equilibria. (Hint: just try some values and then change them as you need to; as an example think aboutthe Rock, Scissors paper which has no pure strategy NE).2) Using your own words, explain how the concept of elimination of dominated strategies differs from theconcept of Nash equilibrium.3) Indicate whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE and explain your answer: If one player is theleader in a game it means that s/he has the first move in the game. The key thing is that this move can beobserved by the follower before making his/her own decision, otherwise it would be a simultaneous movegame that cannot be solved by backwards induction.4) MULTIPLE CHOICE (identify the one best answer below and explain your reasoning for each option): Recallthe Game of chicken from the previous problem set. If James is the leader in the game then: (hint: you candraw the game tree…Consider the following classic game, called Hawk and Dove. Player 2 Hawk Dove Hewk 0,0 4,1 Player 1 Dove 1,4 33 Select all pure strategy Nash equilibria and check the corresponding option if you think there exists a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium too. O There exists also a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium OHawk, Dove ODove, Hawk O Hawk, Hawk O Hawk, Hawk
- Please look at the payoff matrix below which shows the benefits that would accrue to each player in a 2-player.non-sequential, non-repeated game. a) Identify the collusive (cooperative) equilibrium. b) Identify the secure strategy (maximin) equilibrium c) Identify the maximax equilibrium d) Identify the Nash equilibrium (You must clearly label each answer in eCourses to receive any credit for your answers.) Apple Inc. Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 20 40 60 60 1000 200 Strategy A 70 50 90 Banana 70 300 Inc. Strategy B 400 40 80 100 90 150 80 Strategy COne of the following statements about the theory of economic games is not correct. Select the one answer that is false. Select one: O Each player's most preferred scenario in a prisoners' dilemma game is to free ride. O Looking for dominant strategies will identify all equilibria in a game. In a dominant strategy equilibrium, no player has an incentive to unilaterally change their strategy. O In a Nash equilibrium, no player has an incentive to unilaterally change their strategy.Normal Form Game: The table below provides a normal form, 2 x 2 game. The players are Column and Row. Column can choose either LEFT or RIGHT, and Row can choose either UP or DOWN. Their payoffs for each combination of moves are provided in the four boxes. Column Row UP DOWN The combination of moves (UP, LEFT) is a Nash-Equilibrium. A. False O B. True 2 LEFT -1 -7 3 6 RIGHT -5 -10
- The payoff matrix below describes a one-shot game in which two farmers ("Player A" and "Player B") choose between planting corn or planting wheat. The payoffs in this matrix represent thousands of dollars of income, so more is better. Pla yer A Plant Corn Plant Wheat What kind of equilibrium is this? Plant Corn Dominant Strategy Equilibrium Nash equilibrium 3, 3 Player B 5,0 Both a Nash and a Dominant Strategy Equilibrium O No equilibrium Plant Wheat 0,5 1, 1Consider the group of games called the Prisoners' Dilemma games. Which of the following is not true about the games? Each player has a unique best response There is a Nash Equilibrium where both players randomize over their options O Each player cgyld do better if the Nash Equilibrium was not the outcome All of the other answers are correct Either player would be made better off if their opponent was to unilaterally deviate from a Nash EquilibriumAedri Quick Lesson in Game Theory A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy. 2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium? a) Yes b) No esc The Ice Cream Guys $3.99 $4.99 + Chucky's Chunky CCT: $20,000 $3.99 ICG: $20,000 CCT: $60,000 ICG: $10,000 tab Treats CCT: $10,000 $4.99 ICG: $60,000 CCT: $40,000 ICG: $40,000 The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone. %3D caps lo 2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy? a) $3.99 b) $4.99 c) Not enough information hift 2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation? a) Both charge $3.99 b) Both charge $4.99 c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99 d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99 2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it is against the law). Which outcome would…
