PROBLEM (4) Firm A and Firm B with identical total costs TCA (QA) = and TCB (QB) = are producing related goods and competing in prices (Bertrand competition), with demands: QA=510-2PA+ pв and Qв= 510-2pB+ PA, respectively. (a) Calculate the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium prices. (b) Calculate the prices they charge when A is the leader and sets its price first, anticipating B's best response and taking it into account (like in Stackelberg competition). (c) Calculate the prices they charge when they collude, in order to maximize sum of their profits.
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- 1. The market (inverse) demand function for a homogeneous good is P(Q) = 10 - Q. There are two firms: firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of 2 for producing each unit of the good, and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of 1. The two firms compete by setting their quantities of production, and the price of the good is determined by the market demand function given the total quantity. a. Calculate the Nash equilibrium in this game and the corresponding market price when firms simultaneously choose quantities. b. Now suppose firml moves earlier than firm 2 and firm 2 observes firm 1 quantity choice before choosing its quantity find optimal choices of firm 1 and firm 2.The market demand function is Each firm has a marginal cost of m = $0.28. Firm 1, the leader, acts before Firm 2, the follower. Solve for the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities, prices, and profits. The Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities are The Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium price is Profits for the firms are and 92 p = $ π2 $ = Q=7,000 1,000p. 91 and units units. (Enter your responses as whole numbers.) (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.) π₁ = $ (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.)(5) For each situation, solve for the Bertrand-Nash Equilibrium (differentiated Product). 5a) Suppose Sarah's constant marginal cost is $5 but Joe's is $8 Recall that in a Bertrand model with differentiated product, each supplier faces his/her own demand: Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 100 – 10 Psarah + 5 Pjoe 5b) Suppose Joe and Sarah have the same cost functions as earlier (constant MC of $5) but asymmetric demand functions Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 160 - 10 Psarah + 5 Pjoe
- QUESTION 13 Consider a market where two firms (1 and 2) produce differentiated goods and compete in prices. The demand for firm 1 is given by D₁(P₁, P2) = 140 - 2p1 + P2 and demand for firm 2's product is D2 (P1, P2) 140 - 2p2 + P1 Both firms have a constant marginal cost of 20. What is the Nash equilibrium price of firm 1? (Only give a full number; if necessary, round to the lower integer; no dollar sign.)Assume Bertrand price competition in which the quantity that consumers' demand from firm i is a - pi when pi pj and (a-pi)/2 when pi= pj. Suppose also that there are no fixed costs and that marginal costs are constant at c, where c < a. What is the Nash eq?Suppose the airline industry consists of only two airlines, Jumbo jet and Kenya airways. Let the two firms have identical costs C(Q) = 40Q, where i = 1,2. Assume that the demand curve for the industry is given by P=100-Q
- The market demand function is Q=10,000-1,000p. Each firm has a marginal cost of m=$0.28. Firm 1, the leader, acts before Firm 2, the follower. Solve for the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities, prices, and profits. Compare your solution to the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. The Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities are: q1=___________ units and q2=____________units The Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium price is: p=$_____________ Profits for the firms are profit1=$_______________ and profit2=$_______________ The Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities are: q1=______________units and q2=______________units The Cournot-Nash equilibrium price is: p=$______________ Profits for the firms are profit1=$_____________ and profit2=$_______________Consider a Stackelberg duopoly:There are two firms in an industry with demand Q = 1 − Pd.The “leader” chooses a quantity qL to produce. The “follower” observes qL and chooses a quantity qF.Suppose now that the cost function is Ci(qi) = qi2 for i = L, F. (a) Find the subgame perfect equilibrium. (b) Compare the equilibrium you found with the Nash equilibrium if the game was simultaneous (i.e., Cournot competition). Is the Nash equilibrium of the Cournot game also a Nash equilibrium of the sequential game? Why or why not?Consider a market that only includes two large firms. The (inverse) market demand is P = 100 – Q. 3q2. Firm 1 has a cost function of C, = 2q1, and firm 2 has a cost function of C2 Use a Cournot model to calculate the Nash equilibrium outputs q, and q2 of the two firms. and 92 (a) Give each firm's profit as a function of (b) Compute the Nash equilibrium q, and q2.
- 2) Suppose the Market Demand function is Q = 60,700 – 520P. The two firms in the market compete under Bertrand Competition. The Marginal Cost (MC) for the two firms is MC = $39.90. What is the market price at the Nash Equilibrium?2 firms are engaged in Cournot competition; firm A faces the cost curveCA(yA)=40yAand firm Bfaces the cost curveCB(yB)=40yB. The inverse market demand curve isP(y)=100y, whereyrepresents market level of output. a)Define the Cournot game. b)In 1 or 2 sentences explain why a firm has no incentive to deviate from the Cournot Nash equilibrium(holding their opponent’s strategy constant). c)Find the Cournot Nash Equilibrium. d)Now suppose instead of playing their strategies at the same time, firm A moves first and then firm B moves second(sequentialgame).Does firm A earn higher profits in this game or the game in part c)?13) Two identical firms are engaged in Cournot competition, with cost functionsTCA(QA) = 30 QA and TCB(QB) = 30 QB. The market demand is given by P = 480 –3Q.a) Plot the best response functions and report the Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities, price and profits.b) What are the prices, quantities, and profits for the firms if they decide to collude and share profits equally?c) Show that firms have an incentive the deviate from the collusive outcome.d) Find the Stackelberg equilibrium if A leads and B follows.e) Show the equilibria in the previous parts on the inverse demand function. Calculate and identify consumersurplus and deadweight loss in each equilibrium. If you can only answer a limited amount of questions, please answer d and e :)