BackgroundProblem N° 5Objective: To apply classical transmissiongenetics in a trihybrid cross.Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traitsthat Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assortingBOTANIQUE.Légumineusesgene and has dominant and recessive expression:Solve it using the rules of probability insteadAxial (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal(flowers on top of the stem).of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, ormental visualization.Long ("tall") stem is dominant over short stem ("dwarf").Let's use the symbols T, t for genesdetermining axial vs. terminal; Le, le for tallvs. dwarf; K, k for round vs. wrinkled (fromRound seed is dominant over wrinkled.If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters were allowed toself-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to beas follows?the German noun knitter = wrinkle).One final note: the phenotype "tall plant"may be conferred by the genotype Lele ora. homozygous for the three dominant traitsLele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, wherethe dash represents the alternative allele.The homozygous lele can only show therecessive phenotype.b. homozygous for the three recessive traitsSince an organism only shows the recessivephenotype when it is homozygous for thatparticular genotype, a homozygousrecessive is usually referred as the recessive.heterozygous (for all three characteristics)C.POIS binailleveneC dnd e lwaliee al ddn ai la mod l dead d fare ce d griPISUMd. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shapeBackgroundProblem N° 6Objective: To illustrate the differences betweenthe dominant/recessive model vs. partial (orincomplete) dominance model. In incompletedominance, the phenotype is neither dominantnor recessive, but intermediate instead.Explain why a monohybrid cross of snapdragon plants carrying white flowers with red-flowered plantsproduces all pink flowers in the F1 generation. [Hint: What makes flowers red, purple, yellow, etc.?]a.b.What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of snapdragon flowers in the F2 generation?True breeding individual = Homozygous foreither trait. BackgroundProblem N° 7Objective: To illustrate the use of testcrosses to establish unknown genotypes.In dogs (Canis familiaris), there is a hereditary deafness caused by the recessive gene d. A kennel owner has amale dog (Fido, of course) that she wants to use for breeding purposes. She comes to you for genetic advice. Thedog can hear, so you know that his genotype is either DD or Dd.For this problem, you are allowed to usePunnett squares or pedigrees.If Fido's genotype were Dd, the owner would not use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not bepassed on. The dog's genotype can be ascertained via a test-cross with a deaf female (dd). Draw Punnett squaresor pedigrees to illustrate these two possible crosses.A test cross uses an individual whosegenotype we can be certain of, i.e., ahomozygous recessive for a particular trait.Such organism is crossed with one whosegenotype we do not know (remember thehomozygous recessive always express therecessive phenotype). In this case, a dd dogwill be deaf and a hearing dog can be DD orDd (i.e., D- represents both homozygousdominant and heterozygous until thegenotype is determined).O000우The results of a test cross will be eitherdd X DD → All Dd (all hearing), the unkonwnUse fractions or decimals to indicate proportions: In each case, what proportion of the offspringа.genotype is DD;would be expected to be hearing?ordd X Dd → ½ Dd + ½ dd (half hearing,half deaf), the unknowngenotype is Dd.b.What proportion would be expected to be deaf?So, the proportion of hearing dogs willindicate the unknown genotype.C.How could you tell the genotype of the male dog (in parental generation P)?d. Also, using a Punnett square, how would you explain to the kennel owner that two hearing dogscould produce deaf offspring? Indicate to the kennel owner what kind(s) of gametes (ova or sperm)could hearing dogs produce to conceive a deaf puppy

Question

BackgroundProblem N° 5Objective: To apply classical transmissiongenetics in a trihybrid cross.Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traitsthat Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assortingBOTANIQUE.Légumineusesgene and has dominant and recessive expression:Solve it using the rules of probability insteadAxial (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal(flowers on top of the stem).of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, ormental visualization.Long (&#34;tall&#34;) stem is dominant over short stem (&#34;dwarf&#34;).Let's use the symbols T, t for genesdetermining axial vs. terminal; Le, le for tallvs. dwarf; K, k for round vs. wrinkled (fromRound seed is dominant over wrinkled.If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters were allowed toself-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to beas follows?the German noun knitter = wrinkle).One final note: the phenotype &#34;tall plant&#34;may be conferred by the genotype Lele ora. homozygous for the three dominant traitsLele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, wherethe dash represents the alternative allele.The homozygous lele can only show therecessive phenotype.b. homozygous for the three recessive traitsSince an organism only shows the recessivephenotype when it is homozygous for thatparticular genotype, a homozygousrecessive is usually referred as the recessive.heterozygous (for all three characteristics)C.POIS binailleveneC dnd e lwaliee al ddn ai la mod l dead d fare ce d griPISUMd. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shapeBackgroundProblem N° 6Objective: To illustrate the differences betweenthe dominant/recessive model vs. partial (orincomplete) dominance model. In incompletedominance, the phenotype is neither dominantnor recessive, but intermediate instead.Explain why a monohybrid cross of snapdragon plants carrying white flowers with red-flowered plantsproduces all pink flowers in the F1 generation. [Hint: What makes flowers red, purple, yellow, etc.?]a.b.What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of snapdragon flowers in the F2 generation?True breeding individual = Homozygous foreither trait. BackgroundProblem N° 7Objective: To illustrate the use of testcrosses to establish unknown genotypes.In dogs (Canis familiaris), there is a hereditary deafness caused by the recessive gene d. A kennel owner has amale dog (Fido, of course) that she wants to use for breeding purposes. She comes to you for genetic advice. Thedog can hear, so you know that his genotype is either DD or Dd.For this problem, you are allowed to usePunnett squares or pedigrees.If Fido's genotype were Dd, the owner would not use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not bepassed on. The dog's genotype can be ascertained via a test-cross with a deaf female (dd). Draw Punnett squaresor pedigrees to illustrate these two possible crosses.A test cross uses an individual whosegenotype we can be certain of, i.e., ahomozygous recessive for a particular trait.Such organism is crossed with one whosegenotype we do not know (remember thehomozygous recessive always express therecessive phenotype). In this case, a dd dogwill be deaf and a hearing dog can be DD orDd (i.e., D- represents both homozygousdominant and heterozygous until thegenotype is determined).O000우The results of a test cross will be eitherdd X DD → All Dd (all hearing), the unkonwnUse fractions or decimals to indicate proportions: In each case, what proportion of the offspringа.genotype is DD;would be expected to be hearing?ordd X Dd → ½ Dd + ½ dd (half hearing,half deaf), the unknowngenotype is Dd.b.What proportion would be expected to be deaf?So, the proportion of hearing dogs willindicate the unknown genotype.C.How could you tell the genotype of the male dog (in parental generation P)?d. Also, using a Punnett square, how would you explain to the kennel owner that two hearing dogscould produce deaf offspring? Indicate to the kennel owner what kind(s) of gametes (ova or sperm)could hearing dogs produce to conceive a deaf puppy

Accepted Answer

According to Bartleby guidelines , we are supposed to answer first question in case of multiple…