This diagram shows the age-earnings profiles of three different individuals who opt to choose three options: not graduating from high school, graduating from high school, and graduating from a university. Earnings Income stream Income stream B Income stream a c 16 18 22 Age The area labeled e) refers to: The explicit, out-of-pocket costs incurred The opportunity costs incurred by someone who opted for income stream B (a high school graduate) The earnings premium earned by someone who opted for income stream B (a high school graduate) relative to a worker who did not obtain a high school diploma. The earnings premium earned by someone who opted for income stream C (a university graduate) relative to a worker who graduated from high school.
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- fmagine that somecne offered you a choice, You couldspend four years studying at the world 's best uni•versity, but you would have to keep your attendancethere a secret Or you could be awarded an official degree from the world's best university, but you couldn'.tactually attend. Which choice do you think wouldenhance your future earnings more? What does youranswer say about the debate over signaling versus human capital in the role of education?Suppose Carl’s wage-schooling locus is given byYears of Schooling Earnings 9 $18,500 10 $20,350 11 $22,000 12 $23,100 13 $23,900 14 $24,000Derive the marginal rate of return schedule. When will Carl quit school if his discount rate is 4 percent? What if the discount rate is 12 percent?Use the following to answer questions 76-80: Employee Benefits. The indifference curves in the graph below depict Shelly's preferences of wages and employee benefits. Shelly's annual value of marginal product is $45,000, and employers' cost of benefits is $1,000 per unit. Plot the wage-benefits curve in this example. Shelly chooses a job with employee benefit. O 10 15 20 O 25 wage (ths. 5/year) 23242525 40 30 20 15 10 h k h 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 benefits (units/year) units of the
- Otherthingsbeingconstant,howwillthefollowinginfluence the hourly earnings of employees? Explain your answer. The employee must work the midnight to 8:00 a.m. shift. The job involves split shifts (work three hours, off two hours, work three additional hours, and so on). Theemployerprovideslow-costchildcareservicesonthe premises. The job is widely viewed as prestigious. The job requires employees to move often from city to city. The job requires substantial amounts of out-of-town travel.Suppose Fred's wage-schooling relationship is given by Years of Schooling Earnings 9 $28,000 10 $31,150 11 $33,700 12 $35,900 13 $37,400 14 $38,500 Derive the marginal rate of return schedule. When will Fred quit school if his discount rate is 5 percent? What if the discount rate is 10 percent?Number ofWorkersEmployed Output(Units) MarginalProduct(Units) Value ofMarginalProduct ($)(Market Price=1$) Value ofMarginalProduct ($)(Market Price=2$) 0 0 1 8 2 22 3 36 4 56 5 60 6 72 7 82 8 89 Derive Marginal Product and Value of Marginal Product from the following table when market price for the product is 1$ and 2$ .
- The following figure shows the relationship between employment and monthly salary in the periods 1968 to 1984. Copytight o Moraw Educaton. Permsson required for reproduction or dispiay. Employment Monthly Salary ($) 250,000 4,500 230,000 4,000 210,000 190,000 3,500 170,000 150,000 3,000 130,000 2,500 110,000 Wage 90,000 2,000 70,000 Employment 50,000 1,500 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 Using the labour supply - labour demand model, how can you rationalize the comovement between employment and wage in the period 1968-1976 The labour demand curve shifts to the left There is no way to rationalize the data The labour demand curve shifts to the right The labour supply curve shifts to the right The labour supply curve shifts to the leftSuppose Carl’s wage-schooling locus is given by Years of Schooling Earnings 10 $30,000 11 $35,000 12 $40,000 13 $45,000 14 $50,000 15 $55,000 16 $60,000 17 $65,000 Derive the marginal rate of return schedule. When will Carl quit school if his discount rate is 14 percent? What if the discount rate is 9 percent?Consider a family where both the husband and wife work, and assume each spouse ha three more years to work (after the current year) before retirement. Following Table indicates the projected combined salary over the remaining working years if they each stay with their currentemployers. It also shows the combined salary they can expect if they relocate and change employers. Year Combined salaryat Current Job Combined salaryat New Job 1 $80,000 $83,000 2 $82,000 $87,000 3 $85,000 $92,000 Suppose the total cost of moving, including direct expenses, foregone earnings, and psychic costs(costs of leaving friends, coworkers, familiar surroundings, etc.) total $10,000. Assume all costs areincurred during the current year (year 0). a. If the discount rate is equal to the market interest rate of 6%, is this investment in mobility worthwhile?
- How does a higher interest rate affect the elements of schooling choice? ○ The wage-schooling curve shifts up. Wealth increases, increasing the iso-wealth curves. O Every iso-wealth curve gets steeper. O The wage-schooling curve gets steeper.Two labor-leisure choice diagrams are shown below. In both cases, the labor-leisure choice diagrams show how the individual's desired amount of leisure is influenced by the increase in her or his wage rate from w/ to w₂. INCOME a. 24W2 24W₁ Figure A b. Leisure is normal. Figure A HOURS OF LEISURE Figure A Figure B For each of the following statements, please indicate if the statement is TRUE (between wage rates w/ and w₂) for Figure A, Figure B, both figures, or neither figure. Please circle your response. The substitution effect is zero. Figure A Figure B Figure B c. Leisure is neither normal nor inferior. INCOME Figure B 24W2 24W1 Both figures Both figures HOURS OF LEISURE Both figures Neither figure Neither figure Neither figure14.ASsume the labor force is made up of 40% women and 60% men. If 40% of all manufacturing jobsare held by women and 90% of the highest-paying management and executive level jobs inManufatacturing are held by men, then, with respect to the manufacturing sector, it can be said that: multiple choiceO.a. there is no horizontal occupational segregation but there is vertical occupational segregation. O.b. there is both horizontal and vertical occupational segregation.O.c. there is no sex-based discrimination in entry-level By solving it for 'r' through hit and trial method, the required interest rate can be found.positions but there is sex-based discriminationin management level positions.O.d. there is no sex-based discrimination in management positions but there is sex-baseddiscrimination in executive level positions.