Sodium hydroxide

Acid rain is the general term that includes any form of precipitation composed of sulfuric or nitric acid. When sulfur and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and vehicles, they are transported by wind currents; reacting with water, oxygen, and other elements to form acids. As a result, these acids mix with water and fall to the ground, polluting soil or various bodies of water. Although this cycle is unseen, acid rain dramatically affects the environment

Extractions Identifying the three components of the unknown mixture, a 1.5 g sample was obtained and dissolved in 30 mL of diethyl ether. This solution was then poured into a separatory funnel with a funnel with the stopcock closed, and inverted twice so that there would be a formation of different layers in the mixture. In order to extract the base from the mixture, approximately 14 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid was added into the funnel and mixed. To mix the hydrochloric acid thoroughly the funnel

change. It cannot be easily inversed. Materials: • Safety goggles • 2 small test tubes • Test-tube rack • 4 labelled medicine droppers • 2 mL distilled water • Indicator solution (phenolphthalein) in a dropper bottle • 2 mL of Solution A (0.5% sodium hydroxide) • 2 mL of Solution B (2.0% sulfuric acid) • 2 mL of Solution C (2.0% calcium chloride) • 2 cm2 of aluminum foil • 10-mL graduated cylinder • 2 mL of Solution D (2.0% copper (||) chloride) Procedure: 1. Put on your safety goggles

examined cubes of phenolphthalein submerged in Sodium hydroxide to see what the effects would be. For the phenolphthalein, we used Agar cubes cut in three different sizes: small, medium and large. The purpose of this Lab was to study the surface area to volume ratio in cells and see how this ratio affects cell size. Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) is one of the most common acid-base indicators used to determine the end point in acid-base titrations. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an inorganic compound also known

solution is, the fewer hydrogen ions it has (Daempfle, 2016). Basic solutions often produce lather when encountering a fatty substance. Overall, a basic chemical, such as sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide (NaOH/KOH) is harmful (Acids, bases, pH, and buffers, n.d.). It is only when a combination of fatty acids and sodium ion (Na+) or potassium ion (K+) occur that it is safe for skin cells harmful (Acids, bases, pH, and buffers,

To find moles of carbonate we needed to first determine the total alkalinity with HCL 0.1 M as the titrant, meaning that the end point indicates the complete conversion of bicarbonate and carbonate to carbonic acid. Indicator bromocresol green (BG) was used to observe this end point since the range at which this end point will occur will exist in the slightly more acidic portion of the pH scale covered by BG. This total alkalinity is given by (2[CO32-]+[HCO3-] )=VHCl[HCl] where VHCL is the volume

Literature Review Introduction Coagulation and flocculation processes are essential in a number of diverse disciplines including biochemistry, rubber manufacturing and in water and wastewater treatment (Bratby, 2006). These processes are typically used in destabilizing, agglomerating and subsequent removal of particles. Coagulation is a physico-chemical process which neutralizes the colloidal particles in water by a chemical called coagulant. The neutralization forces the colloidal particles to join

[1] In this experiment the reaction studied is can be considered equimolar and first order with respect to both sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate, i.e., second order overall, within the limits of concentration (0-0.1M) and temperature (20-40°C) studied. The reaction carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor or tubular reactor eventually reaches steady state when

prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid and use it to standardize an unknown  sodium hydroxide solution. Purpose 13C: 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “unknown” concentration with standardized 0.5M sodium hydroxide. 2. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “known” concentration with standardized 0.5M sodium hydroxide. 3. To titrate an acetic acid solution (vinegar) with standardized 0.5M sodium hydroxide. 4. To utilize the titration results to calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric

most basic foundational blocks for any chemistry major. The reaction is typically around one hour and consists of the mixings of a fatty oil such as coconut oil, vegetable oil, bio-waste oils (used cooking oil), or other oils and a base such as sodium hydroxide. The set up for the laboratory experiment is very important, you need to have a continuous stirring vassal due to the long stir time that takes up the majority of the