Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 5RE
Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)
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Whether the statement "most intracellular signaling pathways provide numerous opportunities for amplifying the responses to extracellular signals" is true or false.
taw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane
before, during, and after an action potential, On your graph, use a highlighter to clearly indicate
for which portions of your graph the letter corresponding to each cellular event listed below
belongs.
List of cellular events:
A) All K* channels open
B) All Nat channels close
C) The Na*/K* ATPase cotransporter transports Nat and K* across the membrane.
D) All Na* channels open
E) The threshold value of membrane potential is attained.
F) All K* channels close
G) Some Nat channels open
Your graph:
o pe
cffecton
Which of the following happens if the concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid increases too much?A) Potassium would be taken up by the oligodendrocytes, so no net change in signaaaling would result. B) No signaling could occur. C) The Neuron would become hyperexcitable D) The sodium pumps would immediately fix the situation, so no net change in signaling would result.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Name the two types of excitable tissue.Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.1 - State the factor responsible for triggering gate...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Draw and label an action potential, indicating the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4CYU
Ch. 4.4 - Explain why synapses operate only in the direction...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.5 - Define target cell.Ch. 4.5 - Distinguish among the four types of extracellular...Ch. 4.5 - Outline the three general means by which binding...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.6 - Distinguish between cytokines and eicosanoids.Ch. 4.6 - Discuss the roles of phospholipase A2,...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4 - Conformational changes in channel proteins brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RECh. 4 - Prob. 3RECh. 4 - Prob. 4RECh. 4 - Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about...Ch. 4 - Each steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RECh. 4 - Prob. 8RECh. 4 - Prob. 9RECh. 4 - Prob. 10RECh. 4 - Prob. 11RECh. 4 - Prob. 12RECh. 4 - Prob. 13RECh. 4 - A common membrane-bound intermediary between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RECh. 4 - Prob. 16RECh. 4 - Prob. 17RECh. 4 - Prob. 18RECh. 4 - Define the following terms: polarization,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2UCCh. 4 - Prob. 3UCCh. 4 - Prob. 4UCCh. 4 - Compare the four kinds of gated channels in terms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6UCCh. 4 - Prob. 7UCCh. 4 - Prob. 8UCCh. 4 - Prob. 9UCCh. 4 - Define signal transduction.Ch. 4 - Compare the tyrosine kinase and JAK/STAT pathways.Ch. 4 - Prob. 12UCCh. 4 - Prob. 13UCCh. 4 - Describe how arachidonic acid is converted into...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15UCCh. 4 - Prob. 16UCCh. 4 - Explain how the cascading effect of hormonal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18UCCh. 4 - Answer the following questions regarding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2SQECh. 4 - Prob. 3SQECh. 4 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 4 - The rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not...Ch. 4 - Which of the following would occur if a neuron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TAHLCh. 4 - Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- Outline the three general means by which binding of a water soluble extracellular chemical messenger to its matching surface membrane receptor brings about the desired intracellular response.arrow_forwardAnother general principle of physiology states that physiological processes require the transfer and balance of matter and energy. How is energy balance-related to intracellular signaling?arrow_forwardEndothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium. They have an important role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelin activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ETA or ETB on a target cell. Which subunit of heterotrimeric G protein is released when the receptor is activated? a.) gamme b.) beta c.) alphaarrow_forward
- When activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following? (select all that apply) a G protein signaling mechanism inside the cell. b) A G protein signaling mechanism outside the cell. c) Transporters to uptake degraded neurotransmitters for recycling. d) The release of neurotransmitter molecules into the postsynaptic cell.arrow_forwardDefine intracellular signaling.arrow_forwardDefine intercellular chemical signalarrow_forward
- Explain "integrins can convert mechanical signals into intracellular molecular signals" is true or false.arrow_forwardDescribe what cell signal activation is and how it occursarrow_forwardThe use of second messengers is an example of a method used in intracellular signaling. (true or false)arrow_forward
- To examine: Whether the statement "most intracellular signaling pathways provide numerous opportunities for amplifying the responses to extracellular signals" is true or false.arrow_forwardExplain action potential as the relationship between cellular compartmentalization (structure) & cellular processes (function). What is RMP? How is it formed and maintained by pumps?arrow_forwardExplain Extracellular signals can be delivered by diffusion or by cell-to-cell contact.arrow_forward
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