Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
During signal transduction, first messenger can act in two possible ways, either by binding to receptor and activating the cascade that then activates the target molecule or by entering the cytoplasm by itself. Only those signal molecules that are nonpolar can enter the cytoplasm and elicit the response.
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Consider this pathway: epinephrine --> receptor -->G-protein---> Adenyl Cyclase---> cAMP --> protein kinase --> transcription factors. Identify the effector.
A.
cAMP
B.
G protein-coupled receptor
C.
epinephrine
D.
adenyl cyclase
Which statement is not true about G proteins?
A.
They are integral membrane proteins.
B.
They are slowly inactivated by their own GTPase activity.
C.
They are multisubunit proteins consisting of α, β and γ subunits.
D.
They act as transducers for hormones
What type of cell signaling receptor is depicted below
a.
Cytoplasmic Receptor
b.
Transmembrane Receptor
c.
Intracellular Receptor
d.
Nuclear Receptor
A ligand binds to the extracellular portion of a receptor. Another ligand binds to an identical half of the same receptor. When this happens, the two halves come together and the intracellular portion adds phosphates from ATP to tyrosine amino acids it the receptor structure. This passage describes what kind of receptor?
Select one:
a. A G-protein coupled receptor
b. A receptor tyrosine kinase
c. A receptor tyrosine phosphatase
d. A ligand-gated kinase channel
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - What accounts for the specificity of a cellular...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 6SBCh. 9.4 - What distinguishes a steroid receptor from a...
Ch. 9.4 - By what means does a specific steroid hormone...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9 - In signal transduction, which of the following is...Ch. 9 - Which of the following could not elicit a signal...Ch. 9 - A cell that responds to a signaling molecule is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 9 - Which of the following is incorrect about pathways...Ch. 9 - Which of the following would not inhibit signal...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 9 - Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Is providing extra insulin an...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts There are molecules called GTP...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Why do you suppose cells evolved...Ch. 9 - How would you set up an experiment to determine...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 3ITD
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- a universal feature of cell signaling receptors is that they? a. undergo a structural (shape) change when the signal molecule is bound b. are present only in the plasma membrane c. are only ion channels d. are protein kinases e. aer only nuclear receptorsarrow_forwardThis is a tyrosine kinase receptor. a. Briefly describe the action of the receptor upon binding to the logand. b. There are several intracellular pathway possibilities for downstream responses. How might this receptor be able to selectively activate one particular pathway over another?arrow_forwardParacrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forward
- The activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterized by a. dimerization and phosphorylation b. a phosphorylation cascade c. channel protein shape change d. GTP hydrolysisarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding signaling in normal cells and cancer cells is false? a. In normal cells, RTK transphosphorylation is strictly dependent on ligand binding. Ligand binding promotes a conformational change in the RTKS that is required for dimerization, and dimerization is required for transphosphorylation. b. Cancers cells that over-express RTK's can respond to tiny amounts of ligand, and in some instances signaling can be ligand-independent. c. Cancer cells that have established several autocrine signaling loops have a poor prognosis, because these cells have enabled multiple independent mitogenic signal transduction pathways. 4 d. The extracellular ectodomains of all RTKS are highly conserved in primary sequence and structure. e. RTKS have a hydrophilic extracellular ectodomain, and hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain, which contains the catalytic portion of the protein.arrow_forwardWhat features are remarkable about steroid receptors? (Select all that apply) A. Steroid receptors are localized in the cytoplasm B. steroid receptors are localized in the plasma membrane C. steroid receptors can translocate to the nucleus D. steroid receptors represent the beginning of a signaling Cascade E. steroid receptors can also function as transcription factorsarrow_forward
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